Ana amfani da kayan polymer a yanzu a cikin manyan masana'antu, bayanan lantarki, sufuri, ceton makamashi, sararin samaniya, tsaro na kasa da sauran wurare da yawa saboda kyawawan kaddarorin su kamar nauyin haske, ƙarfin ƙarfi, juriya na zafin jiki da juriya na lalata. Wannan ba wai kawai yana ba da sararin kasuwa mai faɗi don sabon masana'antar kayan polymer ba, har ma yana gabatar da buƙatu mafi girma don ingantaccen aikin sa, matakin dogaro da ƙarfin garanti.
Sabili da haka, yadda ake haɓaka aikin samfuran kayan aikin polymer daidai da ka'idar ceton makamashi, ƙarancin carbon da haɓakar muhalli yana samun ƙarin kulawa. Kuma tsufa abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke shafar aminci da dorewa na kayan polymer.
Na gaba, za mu kalli menene tsufa na kayan polymer, nau'ikan tsufa, abubuwan da ke haifar da tsufa, manyan hanyoyin rigakafin tsufa da rigakafin tsufa na manyan robobi guda biyar.
A. Filastik tsufa
Halayen tsari da yanayin jiki na kayan polymer da kansu da abubuwan da suke waje kamar zafi, haske, iskar oxygen, ozone, ruwa, acid, alkali, ƙwayoyin cuta da enzymes a cikin aiwatar da amfani suna sanya su ƙarƙashin lalacewa ko hasara a cikin tsari. na aikace-aikace.
Wannan ba wai yana haifar da almubazzaranci ba ne, har ma yana iya haifar da hatsarori masu yawa saboda gazawar aikin sa, har ma da rugujewar kayan da tsufansa ke haifarwa na iya gurbata muhalli.
Tsufa na kayan polymer a cikin tsarin amfani yana iya haifar da babban bala'i da asarar da ba za a iya gyarawa ba.
Saboda haka, rigakafin tsufa na kayan polymer ya zama matsala da masana'antar polymer za ta warware.
B. Nau'in polymer kayan tsufa
Akwai al'amuran tsufa daban-daban da halaye saboda nau'in polymer daban-daban da yanayin amfani daban-daban. Gabaɗaya, ana iya rarraba tsufa na kayan polymer zuwa nau'ikan canje-canje guda huɗu masu zuwa.
01 Canje-canje a bayyanar
Tabo, tabo, layukan azurfa, fashe-fashe, dusar ƙanƙara, alli, m, warping, kifin idanu, wrinkling, shrinkage, ƙonawa, murɗawar gani da canjin launi na gani.
02 Canje-canje a cikin kaddarorin jiki
Ciki har da solubility, kumburi, rheological Properties da canje-canje a cikin juriya na sanyi, juriya na zafi, ƙarancin ruwa, haɓakar iska da sauran kaddarorin.
03 Canje-canje a cikin kayan aikin injiniya
Canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙarfin lanƙwasa, ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙarfin tasiri, haɓakar dangi, shakatawa na damuwa da sauran kaddarorin.
04 Canje-canje a cikin kayan lantarki
Irin su juriya na ƙasa, juriya na ƙara, dielectric akai-akai, ƙarfin rushewar lantarki da sauran canje-canje.
C. Binciken microscopic na tsufa na kayan polymer
Polymers suna samar da yanayi masu jin daɗi na kwayoyin halitta a gaban zafi ko haske, kuma lokacin da makamashi ya isa sosai, sassan kwayoyin suna karya don samar da radicals kyauta, wanda zai iya haifar da halayen sarkar a cikin polymer kuma ya ci gaba da fara lalacewa kuma yana iya haifar da giciye. haɗi.
Idan oxygen ko ozone ya kasance a cikin yanayi, ana kuma haifar da jerin abubuwan da ke haifar da oxidation, samar da hydroperoxides (ROOH) da kuma kara bazuwa zuwa ƙungiyoyin carbonyl.
Idan ragowar ions ƙarfe masu haɓakawa suna kasancewa a cikin polymer, ko kuma idan an shigo da ions ƙarfe kamar jan ƙarfe, ƙarfe, manganese da cobalt yayin aiki ko amfani da shi, za a ƙara haɓaka halayen lalatawar oxidative na polymer.
D. Babban hanyar inganta aikin rigakafin tsufa
A halin yanzu, akwai manyan hanyoyi guda huɗu don haɓakawa da haɓaka aikin rigakafin tsufa na kayan polymer kamar haka.
01 Kariyar jiki (kauri, zanen, fili na waje, da sauransu)
Tsufa na kayan polymer, musamman tsufa na hoto-oxidative, yana farawa daga saman kayan ko samfuran, wanda aka bayyana azaman discoloration, chalking, fatattaka, raguwa mai sheki, da sauransu, sannan a hankali ya zurfafa zuwa ciki. Kayayyakin bakin ciki suna da yuwuwar gazawa a baya fiye da samfuran kauri, don haka rayuwar sabis ɗin samfuran za a iya tsawaita ta hanyar kauri samfuran.
Don samfuran da ke da saurin tsufa, ana iya amfani da wani abin rufe fuska mai jure yanayin yanayi ko a rufe shi a saman, ko kuma za a iya haɗa wani nau'in kayan da ba zai iya jure yanayin yanayi a saman Layer na samfuran ba, ta yadda za a iya haɗa maɗaurin kariya. saman samfuran don rage tsarin tsufa.
02 Inganta fasahar sarrafawa
Yawancin kayan aiki a cikin haɗuwa ko tsarin shiri, akwai kuma matsalar tsufa. Alal misali, tasirin zafi a lokacin polymerization, thermal da oxygen tsufa yayin aiki, da dai sauransu. Sa'an nan kuma sakamakon haka, tasirin iskar oxygen zai iya ragewa ta hanyar ƙara na'urar da ke kashewa ko na'ura mai tsabta a lokacin polymerization ko sarrafawa.
Koyaya, wannan hanyar zata iya ba da garantin aikin kayan aiki ne kawai a masana'anta, kuma ana iya aiwatar da wannan hanyar daga tushen shirye-shiryen kayan, kuma ba za ta iya magance matsalar tsufa ba yayin sake sarrafawa da amfani.
03 Tsarin tsari ko gyara kayan aiki
Yawancin kayan macromolecule suna da ƙungiyoyi masu tsufa a cikin tsarin kwayoyin halitta, don haka ta hanyar tsarin tsarin kwayoyin halitta, maye gurbin ƙungiyoyi masu tsufa tare da ƙungiyoyi marasa tsufa na iya sau da yawa yin tasiri mai kyau.
04 Ƙara abubuwan da ke hana tsufa tsufa
A halin yanzu, hanyar da ta dace da kuma hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita don inganta juriya na tsufa na kayan polymer shine don ƙara abubuwan da ake amfani da su na tsufa, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su sosai saboda ƙananan farashi kuma babu buƙatar canza tsarin samarwa na yanzu. Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu na ƙara waɗannan abubuwan da ke hana tsufa.
A anti-tsufa Additives (foda ko ruwa) da guduro da sauran albarkatun kasa kai tsaye gauraye da gauraye bayan extrusion granulation ko allura gyare-gyare, da dai sauransu.. Wannan shi ne mai sauki da kuma sauki hanyar Bugu da kari, wanda aka yadu amfani da mafi yawan pelletizing da kuma allura gyare-gyare shuke-shuke.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-26-2022