ʻO ka wehewehe a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā plastic degradable

I kēia manawa, hoʻohana mākou i nā mea hoʻopaʻa kiʻi ʻoniʻoni maʻalahi, no nā mea hiki ʻole ke degradable. ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o nā ʻāina a me nā ʻoihana e kūpaʻa nei i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea degradable, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia nā mea degradable i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopili paʻa ʻana e ka hana nui. Me ka manaʻo nui o ka ʻāina i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ua hoʻopuka ka nui o nā panalāʻau a me nā kūlanakauhale i kahi palena plastic a i ʻole ma kekahi mau wahi o nā "kānāwai palaka pāpā. No laila, no nā ʻoihana hoʻopihapiha hoʻololi, ʻo ka ʻike kūpono o nā mea degradable, he hoʻohana maikaʻi i nā mea degradable, e hoʻokō ai i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo paʻa paʻa paʻa.

ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka plastik e pili ana i nā kūlana kaiapuni (ka mahana, ka haʻahaʻa, ka wai, ka oxygen, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), he loli koʻikoʻi kona ʻano, ke kaʻina hana.

Hoʻopili ʻia ke kaʻina hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa e nā kumu kaiapuni he nui. E like me kāna hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā plastic degradable i nā plastics photodegradable, nā plastic biodegradable, nā plastik photobiodegradable a me nā plastic degradable kemika. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā plastic biodegradable i nā plastic biodegradable piha a me nā plastic biodestructive pau ʻole.

1. ʻO nā plastik hiki ke paʻi kiʻi

Photodegradable plastic e pili ana i ka mea plastik i ka malamalama o ka lā e ʻoki ana i ka decomposition reaction, no laila ka mea i ka lā ma hope o kekahi manawa e lilo ai ka ikaika mechanical, lilo i pauka, hiki i kekahi ke lilo i microbial decomposition, i loko o ka pōʻaiapuni kūlohelohe. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ma hope o ka luku ʻia ʻana o ke kaulahao mole o ka plastic photodegradable e ke ʻano photochemical, e nalowale ka plastic i kona ikaika ponoʻī a me ka embrittlement, a laila lilo i pauka ma o ka corrosion o ke ʻano, komo i ka lepo, a komo hou i ka pōʻai olaola ma lalo. ka hana a nā microorganisms.

2. ʻO nā plastic biodegradable

ʻO ka biodegradation ka mea maʻamau e like me: biodegradation pili i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻololi kemika o nā pūhui ma o ka hana ʻana o nā enzyme biological a i ʻole ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kemika i hana ʻia e nā microorganism. Ma kēia kaʻina hana, hiki i ka photodegradation, hydrolysis, oxidative degradation a me nā hopena ʻē aʻe.

Biodegradable plastic mechanical is: by bacteria or hydrolase polymer material into carbon dioxide, methane, wai, mineralized inorganic paʻakai a me nā plastic hou. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā plastic biodegradable nā ​​plastics i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia e ka hana a nā microorganism kūlohelohe e like me ka bacteria, molds (fungi) a me nā algae.

ʻO ka plastic biodegradable maikaʻi he ʻano mea polymer me ka hana maikaʻi loa, hiki ke hoʻopau piha ʻia e nā microorganism kaiapuni a lilo i ʻāpana o ka pōʻai kalapona i ke ʻano. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka decomposition i ka pae aʻe o nā molekala e hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha e ka bacteria maoli, etc.

Ua māhele ʻia ke kumu o ka biodegradation i ʻelua papa: ʻo ka mua, aia kahi degradation biophysical, i ka wā e hoʻouka ai ka microbial ma hope o ka pau ʻana o nā mea polymer, ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o ka biological i hana ʻia i nā ʻāpana polymer hydrolysis, ionization a i ʻole protons a hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana oligomer, ka molecular. ʻAʻole loli ke ʻano o ka polymer, ka hana biophysical polymer o ke kaʻina degradation. ʻO ka lua o ka ʻano he biochemical degradation, ma muli o ka hana pololei o nā microorganisms a i ʻole nā ​​enzymes, ka polymer decomposition a i ʻole oxidative degradation i loko o nā mole liʻiliʻi, a hiki i ka decomposition hope o carbon dioxide a me ka wai, aia kēia ʻano degradation i ke ʻano degradation biochemical.

2. Hoʻohaʻahaʻa biodestructive o ka plastic

ʻO nā plastic degradable biodestructive, i ʻike ʻia he collapse plastics, he ʻōnaehana hui o nā polymers biodegradable a me nā plastics maʻamau, e like me ka starch a me ka polyolefin, i hui pū ʻia i kekahi ʻano a ʻaʻole i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia i loko o ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe a hiki ke kumu i ka pollution lua.

3. ʻO nā plastic biodegradable piha loa

Wahi a ko lākou mau kumu, ʻekolu ʻano o nā plastic biodegradable piha: polymer a me kāna mau derivatives, microbial synthetic polymer a me chemical synthetic polymer. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka plastic starch ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hoʻopili maʻalahi.

4. ʻO nā plastic biodegradable kūlohelohe

ʻO nā plastic biodegradable kūlohelohe e pili ana i nā plastic polymer maoli, ʻo ia nā mea biodegradable i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai nā mea polymer kūlohelohe e like me ka starch, cellulose, chitin a me ka protein. Hiki mai kēia ʻano mea mai nā kumu like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a palekana ka huahana a ʻaʻole ʻona.

Ma muli o ka degradation o nā ʻano like ʻole, a me nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka noi, i kēia manawa pono mākou i ka ʻike o ka mea kūʻai aku o nā mea biodegradable e hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa, degradation a me ka ʻāina a i ʻole compost, e koi i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o nā mea plastik no nā mea e like me carbon dioxide, wai. a me nā paʻakai inorganic mineralized, hiki ke komo maʻalahi e ke ʻano a i ʻole e hana hou ʻia e ke ʻano.