1. Cov yas raws li biodegradable zoo li biodegradable plastics
Raws li cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, bio-based plastics xa mus rau cov yas tsim los ntawm cov kab mob raws li cov khoom siv ntuj xws li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Biomass rau bioplastics synthesis tuaj yeem los ntawm pob kws, qab zib pas nrig lossis cellulose. Thiab biodegradable yas, yog hais txog tej yam ntuj tso (xws li av, xuab zeb thiab dej hiav txwv, thiab lwm yam) los yog tej yam kev mob (xws li composting, anaerobic digestion tej yam kev mob los yog dej kab lis kev cai, thiab lwm yam), los ntawm cov microbial kev txiav txim (xws li cov kab mob, pwm, fungi thiab algae, thiab lwm yam) ua rau degradation, thiab nws thiaj li decomposed rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm carbon dioxide, ntsev thiab dej. Bio-raws li plastics raug txhais thiab cais raws li qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg; Biodegradable plastics, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog cais los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub neej kev xav. Hauv lwm lo lus, 100% ntawm biodegradable plastics yuav tsis biodegradable, thaum qee cov khoom siv roj av, xws li butylene terephthalate (PBAT) thiab polycaprolactone (PCL), tuaj yeem ua tau.
2. Biodegradable yog suav tias yog biodegradable
Yas degradation yog hais txog ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob (kub, humidity, ya raws, oxygen, thiab lwm yam) nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv ntawm cov kev hloov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv, kev ua tau zoo poob. Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua mechanical degradation, biodegradation, photodegradation, thermo-oxygen degradation thiab photooxygen degradation. Txawm hais tias cov yas yuav ua tiav biodegrade nyob ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog crystallinity, additives, microorganisms, kub, ambient pH thiab lub sijhawm. Thaum tsis muaj cov xwm txheej tsim nyog, ntau cov yas degradable tsis tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem ua kom biodegrade tag nrho, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Xws li ib feem ntawm cov pa oxygen degradation ntawm cov yas additives, tsuas yog rupture ntawm cov khoom, degradation rau hauv cov khoom yas tsis pom.
3. Xav txog biodegradation nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm industrial composting raws li biodegradation nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj
Koj tsis tuaj yeem kos kos npe sib npaug ntawm ob. Compostable plastics belongs rau qeb ntawm biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable plastics kuj muaj xws li cov yas uas biodegradable hauv anaerobic yam. Compostable yas hais txog cov yas hauv cov khoom siv composting, los ntawm kev ua ntawm cov kab mob, nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm mus rau carbon dioxide, dej thiab cov mineralized inorganic ntsev thiab cov khoom tshiab muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, thiab thaum kawg tsim compost hnyav hlau cov ntsiab lus, toxicity test, residual khib nyiab yuav tsum tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov qauv tsim. Compostable plastics tuaj yeem muab faib ntxiv rau hauv kev lag luam compost thiab vaj compost. Compostable plastics nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam yog ib txwm biodegradable plastics nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm industrial composting. Vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm compost yas belongs rau biodegradable, yog li, yog hais tias muab pov tseg compostable yas (xws li dej, av) nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso, cov yas degradation nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso yog qeeb heev, tsis tuaj yeem degraded kiag li nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm, xws li carbon dioxide thiab dej ntawm nws cov phem los ntawm ib puag ncig thiab cov tsoos yas, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau taw qhia tias biodegradable plastics, thaum sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, tuaj yeem txo cov khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab. Piv txwv li, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv polylactic acid tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov thiab qhov chaw hauv zaj duab xis ua los ntawm cov yas siv dua tshiab.
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-14-2022