Ka ọ dị ugbu a, anyị na-eji akụrụngwa ihe nkiri nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-agbanwe agbanwe, bụ isi nke ihe anaghị emebi emebi. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ mba na ụlọ ọrụ na-agba mbọ maka ịmepụta ihe ndị na-emebi emebi, ma ihe ndị na-emebi emebi nke nwere ike iji maka nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-agbanwe agbanwe agbanwebeghị site na mmepụta buru ibu. Site na mba ahụ na-abawanye nlebara anya na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, ọtụtụ ógbè na obodo ewepụtala mmachi rọba ma ọ bụ ọbụna n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke “mmachibido iwu plastik. Ya mere, maka ụlọ ọrụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-agbanwe agbanwe, nghọta ziri ezi nke ihe ndị na-emebi emebi, bụ ezigbo ojiji nke ihe ndị na-emebi emebi, iji nweta ebe nkwakọ ngwaahịa ndụ ndụ.
Nbibi plastik na-ezo aka na ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi (okpomọkụ, iru mmiri, mmiri, oxygen, wdg), nhazi ya nwere mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama, usoro nkwụsị ọrụ.
Usoro mmebi ahụ na-emetụta ọtụtụ ihe gburugburu ebe obibi. Dị ka usoro mmebi ya si dị, a pụrụ ikewa plastik ndị na-emebi emebi n'ime plastik fotodedegradable, plastik biodegradable, plastik photobiodegradable na plastik ndị na-emebi emebi. Enwere ike ikewa plastik ndị nwere ike imebi ka ọ bụrụ plastik zuru oke nke nwere ike ime ihe na plastik na-ezughị ezu.
1. Plastics fotodedegradable
Photodegradable plastic na-ezo aka na plastic ihe na ìhè anyanwụ cracking decompositioned mmeghachi omume, nke mere na ihe na ìhè anyanwụ mgbe oge na-efunahụ n'ibu ike, ghọọ ntụ ntụ, ụfọdụ nwere ike ịbụ n'ihu microbial decomposition, n'ime eke gburugburu ebe obibi okirikiri. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, mgbe usoro photochemical bibiri molecular yinye nke photodegradable plastic, plastic ga-atụfu ike ya na embrittlement, wee ghọọ ntụ ntụ site na corrosion nke okike, banye n'ime ala, na-abanyeghachi na usoro ndu ndu n'okpuru. ọrụ nke microorganisms.
2. Plastics biodegradable
A na-akọwakarị biodegradation dị ka: biodegradation na-ezo aka na usoro mgbanwe kemịkalụ nke ogige site na omume nke enzymes ndu ma ọ bụ mmebi kemịkalụ nke microorganisms mepụtara. Na usoro a, photodegradation, hydrolysis, oxidative mmebi na ndị ọzọ mmeghachi omume nwekwara ike ime.
Usoro plastik nke nwere ike imebi bụ: site na nje bacteria ma ọ bụ ihe hydrolase polymer n'ime carbon dioxide, methane, mmiri, nnu inorganic nke nwere mineralized na rọba ọhụrụ. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, plastik biodegradable bụ plastik nke na-emebi site n'omume microorganisms na-emekarị dị ka nje bacteria, ebu (fungi) na algae.
Plastic kacha mma biodegradable bụ ụdị ihe eji eme ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, nke nwere ike mebie ya kpamkpam site na microorganisms gburugburu ebe obibi wee bụrụ akụkụ nke okirikiri carbon na okike. Ya bụ, mwepu n'ime ọkwa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọzọ nwere ike mebie ma ọ bụ tinye uche ya site na nje bacteria eke, wdg.
Ụkpụrụ nke biodegradation na-ekewa abụọ na klas: mbụ, e nwere biophysical mmebi, mgbe microbial ọgụ mgbe ozize nke polymer ihe, n'ihi na ndu ibu mkpa mere polymer components hydrolysis, ionization ma ọ bụ protons na kewaa n'ime iberibe oligomer, na molekul. Ọdịdị nke polymer adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, ọrụ polymer biophysical nke usoro mmebi ahụ. Ụdị nke abụọ bụ mmebi nke biochemical, n'ihi ọrụ kpọmkwem nke microorganisms ma ọ bụ enzymes, polymer decomposition ma ọ bụ mmebi oxidative n'ime obere ụmụ irighiri ihe, ruo mgbe njedebe ikpeazụ nke carbon dioxide na mmiri, ọnọdụ mmebi a bụ nke ọnọdụ mmebi nke biochemical.
2. Biodestructive mmebi nke plastic
Plastics na-emebi emebi biodestructive, nke a makwaara dị ka plastik ọdịda, bụ usoro ngwakọta nke polymers biodegradable na plastik izugbe, dị ka starch na polyolefin, bụ nke jikọtara n'ụdị ụfọdụ na-emebibeghị kpamkpam na gburugburu ebe obibi ma nwee ike ịkpata mmetọ nke abụọ.
3. Plastics biodegradable kpamkpam
Dị ka isi mmalite ha si kwuo, e nwere ụdị atọ nke plastik ndị nwere ike imebi n'ụzọ zuru ezu: polymer na ihe ndị na-emepụta ya, polymer synthetic microbial na polymer synthetic chemical. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, plastik starch bụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-agbanwe agbanwe nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe.
4. Plastic biodegradable eke eke
Plastics eke sitere n'okike na-ezo aka na plastik polymer eke, nke bụ ihe ndị nwere ike ime ihe ndị a kwadebere site na ihe polymer eke dị ka starch, cellulose, chitin na protein. Ụdị ihe a sitere na isi mmalite dị iche iche, nwere ike bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma kpamkpam, ngwaahịa ahụ adịghịkwa egbu egbu.
Dabere na nbibi nke ụzọ dị iche iche, nakwa dị ka akụkụ dị iche iche nke arịrịọ, ugbu a, anyị chọrọ ndị ahịa njirimara nke biodegradable ihe bụ kpamkpam mbibi, nbibi na landfill ma ọ bụ compost, chọrọ ẹdude plastic ihe mmebi n'ihi na ihe ndị dị ka carbon dioxide, mmiri. na mineralized inorganic salts, nwere ike mfe etinye obi gị dum site okike ma ọ bụ megharịa ọzọ site okike.
Oge nzipu: Jul-14-2022