Lisebelisoa tsa polymer hona joale li sebelisoa ka ho pharaletseng ha ho etsoa lihlahisoa tse phahameng, tlhahisoleseding ea elektronike, lipalangoang, ho boloka matla a ho haha, sefofane, tšireletso ea naha le masimo a mang a mangata ka lebaka la thepa ea bona e babatsehang e kang boima bo bobebe, matla a phahameng, ho hanyetsa mocheso le ho hanyetsa kutu. Sena ha se fane feela ka sebaka se pharaletseng sa 'maraka bakeng sa indasteri e ncha ea thepa ea polymer, empa hape se fana ka litlhoko tse phahameng bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea eona ea boleng, boemo ba ho tšepahala le bokhoni ba tiisetso.
Ka hona, mokhoa oa ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea lihlahisoa tsa thepa ea polymer ho latela molao-motheo oa ho boloka matla, khabone e tlase le nts'etsopele ea tikoloho e ntse e hlokomeloa le ho feta. 'Me botsofali ke ntlha ea bohlokoa e amang ho tšepahala le ho tšoarella ha thepa ea polymer.
Ka mor'a moo, re tla sheba hore na botsofali ba thepa ea polymer ke eng, mefuta ea botsofali, lintlha tse bakang botsofali, mekhoa e ka sehloohong ea ho thibela botsofali le ho thibela botsofali ba li-plastiki tse hlano tse akaretsang.
A. Botsofali ba polasetiki
Litšobotsi tsa sebopeho le boemo ba 'mele ba lisebelisoa tsa polymer ka botsona le lintlha tsa bona tsa kantle joalo ka mocheso, leseli, oksijene e futhumatsang, ozone, metsi, acid, alkali, libaktheria le li-enzyme tse ntseng li sebelisoa li etsa hore li be tlas'a ts'ebetso ea ho senyeha kapa tahlehelo nakong ea ts'ebetso. ya kopo.
Sena ha se bake feela tšenyo ea lisebelisoa, 'me se ka ba sa baka likotsi tse kholoanyane ka lebaka la ho hlōleha ha eona, empa hape le ho senyeha ha thepa e bakoang ke ho tsofala ha eona ho ka boela ha silafatsa tikoloho.
Ho tsofala ha thepa ea polymer nakong ea ts'ebeliso ho ka baka likoluoa tse kholo le tahlehelo e ke keng ea lokisoa.
Ka hona, ho thibela botsofali ba thepa ea polymer e fetohile bothata boo indasteri ea polymer e lokelang ho bo rarolla.
B. Mefuta ea botsofali ba lintho tsa polymer
Ho na le liketsahalo tse fapaneng tsa botsofali le litšobotsi ka lebaka la mefuta e fapaneng ea polymer le maemo a fapaneng a ts'ebeliso. Ka kakaretso, botsofali ba thepa ea polymer bo ka aroloa ka mefuta e mene e latelang ea liphetoho.
01 Liphetoho ponahalong
Matheba, matheba, mela ea silevera, mapetsong, serame, ho chokoa, ho khomarela, ho soahlamana, mahlo a tlhapi, ho sosobana, ho honyela, ho chesa, ho sotheha ha mahlo le ho fetoha ha mebala ea optical.
02 Liphetoho tsa thepa ea 'mele
Ho kenyelletsa ho solubility, ho ruruha, thepa ea rheological le liphetoho tsa ho hanyetsa serame, ho hanyetsa mocheso, ho kenella ha metsi, ho phunyeletsa moea le lintho tse ling.
03 Liphetoho tsa thepa ea mochini
Liphetoho matleng a tsitsipano, matla a ho kobeha, matla a ho kuta, matla a tšusumetso, bolelele bo lekanang, ho phomola ha khatello ea maikutlo le lintho tse ling.
04 Liphetoho tsa thepa ea motlakase
Tse kang ho hanyetsa holim'a metsi, ho hanyetsa molumo, ho lula ha dielectric, matla a ho senya motlakase le liphetoho tse ling.
C. Tlhahlobo ea Microscopic ea botsofali ba thepa ea polymer
Li-polymers li theha maemo a thabileng a limolek'hule ka boteng ba mocheso kapa leseli, 'me ha matla a phahame ka ho lekaneng, liketane tsa molek'hule lia robeha ho etsa li-radicals tsa mahala, tse ka etsang karabelo ea ketane ka har'a polymer' me li tsoelepele ho qala ho senyeha hape li ka baka sefapano. ho hokahanya.
Haeba oksijene kapa ozone e le teng tikolohong, letoto la karabelo ea oxidation le eona e hlahisoa, e etsa hydroperoxides (ROOH) ebe e tsoela pele ho bola ka lihlopha tsa carbonyl.
Haeba li-ion tsa tšepe tse setseng li le teng ka har'a polymer, kapa haeba li-ion tsa tšepe tse kang koporo, tšepe, manganese le cobalt li tlisoa nakong ea ts'ebetso kapa ts'ebeliso, karabelo ea oxidative degradation ea polymer e tla potlakisa.
D. Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso e khahlanong le botsofali
Hajoale, ho na le mekhoa e mene ea mantlha ea ho ntlafatsa le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso e khahlanong le botsofali ea thepa ea polymer ka tsela e latelang.
01 Tšireletso ea 'mele (ho tiea, ho penta, motsoako oa bokantle, joalo-joalo)
Botsofali ba thepa ea polymer, haholo-holo botsofali ba photo-oxidative, bo qala ho tloha holim'a thepa kapa lihlahisoa, tse bonahatsoang e le ho fetoha ha mebala, ho cheka, ho phunyeha, ho fokotseha ha gloss, joalo-joalo, ebe butle-butle e kenella hare ho hare-hare. Lihlahisoa tse tšesaane li ka 'na tsa hlōleha pele ho lihlahisoa tse teteaneng, kahoo bophelo ba tšebeletso ea lihlahisoa bo ka atolosoa ka ho tiisa lihlahisoa.
Bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse atisang ho tsofala, ho ka sebelisoa lesela la lesela le hanyetsanang le boemo ba leholimo kapa la apesoa holim'a metsi, kapa lesela la lintho tse hanyetsanang le boemo ba leholimo le ka kopanngoa holim'a lera le ka ntle la lihlahisoa, e le hore lesela le sireletsang le ka khomareloa. bokaholimo ba lihlahisoa ho fokotsa botsofali.
02 Ntlafatso ea theknoloji ea ho sebetsa
Lisebelisoa tse ngata ka mokhoa oa ho kopanya kapa oa ho lokisetsa, ho boetse ho na le bothata ba botsofali. Ka mohlala, tšusumetso ea mocheso nakong ea polymerization, ho tsofala ha mocheso le oksijene nakong ea ts'ebetso, joalo-joalo, joalo-joalo, ka lebaka leo, tšusumetso ea oksijene e ka fokotsoa ka ho eketsa sesebelisoa sa deaerating kapa sesebelisoa sa vacuum nakong ea polymerization kapa ho sebetsa.
Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa ona o ka tiisa feela ts'ebetso ea thepa fekthering, 'me mokhoa ona o ka sebelisoa feela ho tloha mohloling oa ho lokisetsa thepa,' me o ke ke oa rarolla bothata ba eona ba botsofali nakong ea ho tsosolosa le ho sebelisoa.
03 Moralo oa sebopeho kapa phetoho ea thepa
Lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa macromolecule li na le lihlopha tsa botsofali mohahong oa limolek'hule, kahoo ka ho qaptjoa ha sebopeho sa limolek'hule tsa thepa, ho nkela lihlopha tsa botsofali sebaka ka lihlopha tse seng tsa botsofali hangata ho ka ba le phello e ntle.
04 Ho eketsa lisebelisoa tse thibelang botsofali
Hona joale, mokhoa o atlehang le mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa botsofali ba thepa ea polymer ke ho eketsa li-additives tse khahlanong le botsofali, tse sebelisoang haholo ka lebaka la theko e tlaase 'me ha ho hlokahale ho fetola mokhoa o teng oa tlhahiso. Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli ea mantlha ea ho kenyelletsa li-additives tsena tse thibelang botsofali.
The anti-botsofali additives (phofo kapa mokelikeli) le resin le lintho tse ling tse tala e tsoakiloeng ka ho toba le e tsoakiloeng ka mor'a extrusion granulation kapa ente molding, joalo-joalo .. Ena ke tsela e bonolo le e bonolo ea ho phaella, e sebelisoang haholo ke bongata ba pelletizing le limela tse bopang ente.
Nako ea poso: Oct-26-2022