1. Iplastiki esekwe kwibhayoloji elingana neeplastiki ezibolayo
Ngokweenkcazo ezifanelekileyo, iiplastiki ezisekelwe kwi-bio zibhekisela kwiiplastiki eziveliswa yi-microorganisms ngokusekelwe kwizinto zendalo ezifana nesitashi. I-biomass ye-bioplastics synthesis inokuvela kumbona, kwimoba okanye kwiselulosi. Kwaye iplastiki ye-biodegradable, ibhekisela kwiimeko zendalo (ezifana nomhlaba, isanti kunye namanzi olwandle, njl.njl.) okanye iimeko ezithile (ezifana ne-composting, iimeko ze-anaerobic digestion okanye inkcubeko yamanzi, njl.), ngesenzo se-microbial (njengebhaktheriya, ukungunda, ukungunda kunye ne-algae, njl. Iiplastiki ze-Bio-based zichazwa kwaye zihlelwe ngokusekelwe kumthombo wokubunjwa kwezinto; Iiplastiki ze-Biodegradable, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zihlelwa kwimbono yokuphela kobomi. Ngamanye amazwi, i-100% yeeplastiki ze-biodegradable ayinakuchithwa, ngelixa ezinye iiplastiki zendabuko ezisekelwe kwipetroleum, ezifana ne-butylene terephthalate (PBAT) kunye ne-polycaprolactone (PCL), ingaba.
2. I-Biodegradable ithathwa njengento enokubola
Ukuthotywa kweplastiki kubhekiselele kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo (ubushushu, ukufuma, ukufuma, ioksijini, njl.njl.) phantsi kwefuthe lotshintsho olubalulekileyo kwisakhiwo, inkqubo yokulahleka kokusebenza. Inokwahlulwa ibe kukuthotywa koomatshini, i-biodegradation, ifotodegradation, ukuthotywa kwe-thermo-oksijini kunye nokuthotywa kwe-photooxygen. Ukuba iplastiki iya kuthotywa ngokupheleleyo i-biodegrade ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezibandakanya i-crystallinity, i-additives, i-microorganisms, ubushushu, i-pH yendawo kunye nexesha. Ukungabikho kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, iiplastiki ezininzi ezonakalisayo azikwazi nje ukubola ngokupheleleyo, kodwa zinokuba nemiphumo emibi kwindalo kunye nempilo yabantu. Njengenxalenye yokuthotywa kwe-oksijeni yezongezo zeplastiki, kuphela ukuphuka kwezinto eziphathekayo, ukuthotywa kwezinto ezingabonakaliyo zeplastiki.
3. Qwalasela ukuthotywa kwebhayoloji phantsi kwemeko yokwenziwa komgquba kwimizi-mveliso njengokuthotywa kwebhayoloji kwindawo yendalo
Awunakuzoba ngokuthe ngqo uphawu olulinganayo phakathi kwezi zimbini. Iiplastiki ezivundisiweyo zezodidi lweeplastiki ezinokubola. Iiplastikhi zeBioodegradable zikwaquka iiplastikhi ezinokubola ngendlela ye-anaerobic. iplastiki Compostable ibhekisela iplastiki kwiimeko komgquba, ngokusebenzisa intshukumo microorganisms, kwixesha elithile kwi carbon dioxide, amanzi kunye neetyuwa mineralized inorganic kunye nezinto ezintsha eziqulethwe izakhi, yaye ekugqibeleni waqulunqa isiqulatho isivundiso metal enzima, test ubutyhefu. , i-debris eyintsalela kufuneka ihlangabezane namalungiselelo emigangatho efanelekileyo. Iiplastiki ezivundisiweyo zinokuphinda zohlulwe zibe ngumgquba wamashishini kunye nomgquba wasegadini. Iiplastiki ezivundisiweyo kwimarike ngokwesiseko ziiplastikhi ezinokonakala ngebhayoloji phantsi kwemeko yokwenziwa komgquba kwimizi-mveliso. Ngenxa yokuba phantsi kwemeko yeplastiki yomgquba yeye-biodegradable, ngoko ke, ukuba ilahlwe iplastiki evundisiweyo (njengamanzi, umhlaba) kwindawo yendalo, ukuthotywa kweplastiki kwindawo yendalo kucotha kakhulu, ayikwazi ukuthotywa ngokupheleleyo ngexesha elifutshane. njengekharbon diokside kunye namanzi eziphumo zayo ezimbi kokusingqongileyo kunye neplastiki yemveli, akukho mahluko mkhulu. Ukongezelela, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba iiplastiki ezinokuchithwa kwezinto eziphilayo, xa zixutywe nezinye iiplastiki ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, zinokunciphisa iipropati kunye nokusebenza kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, isitashi kwi-polylactic acid sinokukhokelela kwimingxuma kunye namabala kwifilimu eyenziwe ngeplastiki ehlaziyiweyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-14-2022